How to calculate material requirement for concrete

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  Let's see how to calculate material requirement for concrete.

For example we take M20 concrete.

M20 concrete

Where 20 is the compressive strength.
M- mix design. The mix ratio for M20 concrete is 1:2:4. 1stands for cement, 2 stands for fine aggregate, 4 stands for coarse aggregate. There is thumb rule for plain cement concrete and reinforced cement concrete that is the total volume of plain cement concrete is 1.52 cubic metre and for reinforced concrete the total volume of mixture is 1.57 cubic metre.

Plain cement concrete is laid by using 40 mm size blue metal in maximum cases. Reinforced cement concrete is laid by 20 mm size blue metal in maximum cases. The blue metals used for both concrete are free from dust and foreign substances.

Let's see the calculation for reinforced concrete m20

For M 20 concrete
The total volume of mixture is 1.57 cubic metre. The mix ratio of M20 concrete is 1:2:4 the sum of mix is 1+2+4 =7 . Let's see the calculation for cement, in mix ratio the term 1is cement so 1/7 ×1.57 = .0.22 cubic metre.
Where 1 is cement, 7 is the sum of mix ratio and 1.57 is volume of mixture for reinforced cement concrete.
For fine aggregate 2/7×1.57= 0.44 cubic metre.
For coarse aggregate 4/7×1.57 = 0.89 cubic metre.
Water should be river water for one cubic metre one thousand litre of water is used.

Therefore for M20 concrete the material requirement is
Cement - 0.22 cubic metre
Fine aggregate - 0.44 cubic metre
Coarse aggregate - 0.89 cubic metre
Water - 1000 litre

Thank you..

Concrete Mix ratio

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Designing before laying concrete to any building is mandatory one, designing of concrete is mentioned in mix ratio, concrete mix are M5, M10, M15, M20, M25 and after that design mix.

The term M means mix. 5 means compressive strength. A concrete cube is prepared using M5 mix ratio then it is cured for 28 days. It is tested in compressive strength testing machine. The compressive strength is 5 n/mm square means it is M5 concrete.

The mix ratio of concrete are

M5 - 1:5:10
M10 - 1:4:8
M15-  1:2:4
M20 - 1:1.5:3
M25 - 1:1:2

Let's see what is M20 means

The term M means mix

1:1.5:3 means cement:fine aggregate:coarse aggregate

Fine aggregates are sand , m sand
Coarse aggregates are blue metals.

Normally M5 and M10 mix are used for plain cement concrete. M15, M20, M25 are used for reinforced cement concrete. After M25 mix the mix ratio of concrete is according to designing..

How to calculate requirement of cement:fine aggregate:coarse aggregates
Let's see that in next topic.

Thank you.

Stages in building construction

Planning

Planning should be done before the start of construction. Normally planning are done by architect and civil engineer according to the client requirements.

Site cleaning

Site should be cleaned using dozers. It should be free from trees ,plants and other obstacles.

Earth work excavation

Excavation should be done manually or by excavator. The depth must be up to hard strata.

Plain cement concrete

After the excavation pcc should be laid up to 6 inch depth length and breadth should be according to site conditions

Rcc column footing

Footing should be laid according to structural design using specified cement, sand, aggregate and steel

Plinth beam

Plinth beam is mandatory to avoid seepage through soil also it distribute loads evenly to the columns. Plinth beam should be laid using proper design mix concrete.

Basement

Basement level must be higher than ground level of the plot. Normally  basement is constructed using brick work. The brick should be 1st class brick.

Consolidation of soil for flooring

The basement is filled using necessary gravel and it is consolidated using water for two days. It will close the pores in soil and load bearing capacity will be high..

Super structure

Super structure of building is constructed using 1st class bricks or solid blocks with proper cement mortar.. necessary openings would be given for doors and windows. Normal super structure height from bottom of roof is 10 foot.

Roof

Concrete is good for roof. It is suitable for any climatic condition. Reinforcement as been given with necessary grade. Normally roof are constructed above 10 foot height from the basement.

Parapet wall

Parapet wall are constructed using brick work with proper cement mortar. Steel hand rails are also used for parapet. Parapet wall height should be 3feet from top of the roof.

TYPES OF DOORS

Types of Doors:  
Doors are classified into several types, based on
Placing of components
Method of construction
working operations
Construction material used
Types of doors based on placing of components:

Based on the arrangement of door components, the doors are classified as following,
 
Battened and ledged doors:
 
Battens are vertical bonds which are having grooves are attached together by horizontal supports called ledges as shown in below figure.
General Dimensions of batten are 100-150mm width and 20-30mm thick.
General dimension of ledges are 100-200mm width and 25-30mm thick.
This type of battened and ledged doors suitable for narrow openings.

Battened, ledged and braced doors:
To make more rigid, braces are provided diagonally in additional to battens and ledges as shown in figure.
Braces are having 100-150mm width and 25-30mm thickness are preferable.
Braces should place upwards from handing side, then they acts as struts and take compression.
These type of doors can be used for wider openings.


Battened, ledged and framed doors:

For the simple battened and ledged door, frame work is provided in the form of two verticals, known as stiles.
Stiles are generally 100mm wide and as far as thickness is concerned, the thickness of stile should be equal to the combined thickness of ledge and batten. Preferably 40 mm.



Battened, ledged, braced and framed doors:

In this type, the door made up of battens, ledges, stiles and braces. So, it is more rigid.
The braces are connected diagonally between the ledges, at about 40mm from the stiles.


Types of Doors based on Method of Construction:

Based on the method of construction, the doors are again classified into 5 types and they are:
Framed and panelled doors:
These are very strong and will give good appearance when compared to battened doors. These are the widely used doors in almost all types of buildings.
Stiles, vertical members and rails, horizontal members are grooved along the inner edges of frame to receive the panels.
The panels are made up of timber or plywood or A.C sheets or glass.
These doors may be single leaf for narrow openings and double leaf for wider openings.
Minimum width of stile should be 100mm and minimum width of bottom and locked rail should be 150mm.



Glazed doors:
 
Glazed doors are generally provided in interior wall openings or in hospitals, colleges etc.
The interior of room is visible through glazed doors and light also passes through glazed portion of the door.
These may be fully glazed or partly glazed and partly panelled. Glass panels are provided for glazed doors.


 
Flush doors:

In flush doors, a solid or semi-solid or core portion is covered on both sides with plywood or face veneer. Now a days these type of doors are widely used because of good appearance, economic, ease of construction and greater durability.
There are two types of Flushed doors:
Solid Core or Laminated Core Flush Door
The core part in solid core flush door consists of core strips of timber which are glued under high pressure condition. Similarly in the laminated core, battens of 25mm width are glued under high pressure.
These doors consists of wooden frame with stiles and rails for holding the core.
Finally plywood sheets or face veneer and cross-bands are glued under pressure on both side of doors.


Hollow core and cellular core flush door:

In this case also stiles and rails are provided for frame. But, a minimum of two intermediate rails should be provided.
The inner space of door consists of equally space battens of width 25mm each. Other space is called void space which does not exceed 40% of the area of door.
Here also face veneer and cross-bands are glued under high pressure.


 
Louvered doors:

The louvers permit natural ventilation when the door is closed and also provide privacy in the room.
These are generally used for toilets of residential and public buildings.
The door may be fully louvered are partly louvered.
Louvers are made up of timber or glass or plywood and these may be either fixed or movable.


 
Wire gauged doors:

Wire gaged doors permits natural ventilation and restrict the entry of flies, mosquitoes, insects etc.. These doors are commonly used in hotels, restaurants and for cup boards containing eatables.



Types of Doors based on Working Operations:

The doors are classified on the basis of working operations as:
Revolving doors:

Revolving doors are only provided in public buildings like museums, banks, libraries etc., because of constant visitors. It consists mullion at its centre to which four radiating shutters are attached.


Sliding doors:

In this type, with the help of runners and guide rails the door slides to the sides. The door may have one or more sliding shutter depending up on the opening available.


Swing doors:

In this case, the shutter is attached to frame by double action spring which helps the shutter to move inwards as well as outwards.



Collapsible steel doors:

Collapsible steel doors are generally used for workshops, sheds, warehouses etc.. It acts like a steel curtain which will opened or closed by horizontal pull or push. Vertical double channel units of (20x10x2 mm) are spaced at 100 to 120 mm thick and are braced flat iron diagonals 10 to 20mm wide and 5mm thick.


 
Rolling steel shutter doors:

Rolling steel shutter doors are commonly used for warehouses, garages, shops etc.. These are very strong and offer proper safety to the property. The door consists frame, drum and a shutter of thin steel plate inter locked together. A horizontal shaft is provided in the drum which helps to open or close the shutter.

Vastu for house

Vastu is a science which deals health, wealth, happiness for the persons who living in house..

If house which is built without vastu  the persons who live in it will suffer from any of this problems like health, wealth and happiness. Vastu purushan (god of vastu) will give negative effect to the house. So considering vastu before construction is mandatory one.

Vastu for different rooms in house

Hall

Hall should be in North East direction north east portion is best place for hall it gives positive energy to the house.

Bed

Bed room should be in south west direction. South west portion is best place for bed room it gives positive energy to the house.

Kitchen

Kitchen should be in south east direction. South east portion is best place for kitchen it gives positive energy to the house

Dining

South or east portion is best place for dining. It is handy too because kitchen is in south east direction. So it easy for carrying items..

Toilets and bath

North west corner is best place for toilets..

Thank you

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